Anaesthesia training designs across Europe: A survey-based study from the trainees committee of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.

BACKGROUND: Anaesthesiology training programs in Europe vary in duration, content, and requirements for completion. This survey-based study conducted by the Trainees Committee of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care explores current anaesthesia training designs across Europe. METHODS: Between May and July 2018, we sent a 41-item online questionnaire to all National Trainee Representatives, members of the National Anaesthesiologists Societies Committee, and Council Representatives of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) of all member countries. We cross-validated inconsistent data with different country representatives. RESULTS: Forty-three anaesthesiologists from all 39 associated ESAIC countries completed the questionnaire. Results showed considerable variability in teaching formats, frequency of teaching sessions during training, and differences in assessments made during and at the end of training. The reported duration of training was 60 months in 59% (n = 23) of participating countries, ranging from 24 months in Russia and Ukraine to 84 months in the UK. CONCLUSION: This study shows the significant differences in anaesthesiology training formats across Europe, and highlights the importance of developing standardised training programs to ensure a consistent level of training and to improve patient safety. This study provides valuable insights into European anaesthesia training, and underlines the need for further research and collaboration to improve requirements.

Development of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Habits, and Attitudes on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teenagers and Young Adults / Generación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos, hábitos y actitudes sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes

Communication with teenagers who are significantly affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential for the sake of prevention. The aim of this study is to develop a specific questionnaire for surveying the degree of knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of current teenagers and young adults on STIs to come up with the proper training tools. We conducted the study following the Delphi method, a 2-round critical assessment score (from 1 to 9) of all domains and items. Only domains and items with median scores ≥8 were selected. A total of 8 panelists were involved in this survey. After establishing a median score ≥8, a total of 14 domains and 40 items were eventually selected. This is the first questionnaire ever conducted to study the knowledge, habits, and attitudes of contemporary teenagers and young adults on STIs, and stands as a valuable tool for future training on STI prevention in teenagers and young adults. (AU)

La comunicación con los adolescentes, quienes están marcadamente afectados por las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) es imprescindible para diseñar programas de prevención. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un cuestionario específico para estudiar el grado de conocimiento, los hábitos y las actitudes de los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes frente a las ITS. El estudio se desarrolló siguiendo el método Delphi con un panel de expertos. Posteriormente se realizó una evaluación crítica (puntuación de 1 a 9) de todos los dominios e ítems a través de 2 vueltas, seleccionándose dominios y elementos con una puntuación mediana ≥8. Participaron un total de 8 panelistas. Al establecerse la mediana de puntuación en ≥8, quedaron finalmente aceptados 14 dominios y 40 ítems. Este es el primer cuestionario que analiza los conocimientos, los hábitos y las actitudes de los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes actuales sobre las ITS, y una valiosa herramienta para la formación futura sobre la prevención de las ITS en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. (AU)

[Artículo traducido] Generación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos, hábitos y actitudes sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes / Development of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Habits, and Attitudes on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teenagers and Young Adults

La comunicación con los adolescentes, quienes están marcadamente afectados por las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) es imprescindible para diseñar programas de prevención. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un cuestionario específico para estudiar el grado de conocimiento, los hábitos y las actitudes de los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes frente a las ITS. El estudio se desarrolló siguiendo el método Delphi con un panel de expertos. Posteriormente se realizó una evaluación crítica (puntuación de 1 a 9) de todos los dominios e ítems a través de 2 vueltas, seleccionándose dominios y elementos con una puntuación mediana ≥8. Participaron un total de 8 panelistas. Al establecerse la mediana de puntuación en ≥8, quedaron finalmente aceptados 14 dominios y 40 ítems. Este es el primer cuestionario que analiza los conocimientos, los hábitos y las actitudes de los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes actuales sobre las ITS, y una valiosa herramienta para la formación futura sobre la prevención de las ITS en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. (AU)

Communication with teenagers who are significantly affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential for the sake of prevention. The aim of this study is to develop a specific questionnaire for surveying the degree of knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of current teenagers and young adults on STIs to come up with the proper training tools. We conducted the study following the Delphi method, a 2-round critical assessment score (from 1 to 9) of all domains and items. Only domains and items with median scores ≥8 were selected. A total of 8 panelists were involved in this survey. After establishing a median score ≥8, a total of 14 domains and 40 items were eventually selected. This is the first questionnaire ever conducted to study the knowledge, habits, and attitudes of contemporary teenagers and young adults on STIs, and stands as a valuable tool for future training on STI prevention in teenagers and young adults. (AU)

Challenges and opportunities in human dimensions behind cat-wildlife conflict.

Because global anthropogenic activities cause vast biodiversity loss, human dimensions research is essential to forming management plans applicable to biodiversity conservation outside wilderness areas. Engaging public participation is crucial in this context to achieve social and environmental benefits. However, knowledge gaps remain in understanding how a balance between conservation and public demands can be reached and how complicated sociocultural contexts in the Anthropocene can be incorporated in conservation planning. We examined China's nationwide conflict between free-ranging cats (owned cats that are allowed to go outdoors or homeless cats living outdoors) and wildlife to examine how a consensus between compassion and biodiversity conservation can help in decision-making. We surveyed a random sample of people in China online. Over 9000 questionnaires were completed (44.2% response). In aggregate, respondents reported approximately 29 million free-ranging owned cats and that over 5 million domestic cats per year become feral in mainland China. Respondents who were cat owners, female, and religious were more likely to deny the negative impacts of cats on wildlife and ongoing management strategies and more supportive of stray cat shelters, adoption, and community-based fund raising than nonowners, male, and nonreligious respondents (p < 0.05). Free-ranging cat ownership and abandonment occurred less with owners with more knowledge of biodiversity and invasive species than with respondents with less knowledge of these subjects (p < 0.05). We recommend that cat enthusiasts and wildlife conservationists participate in community-based initiatives, such as campaigns to keep cats indoors. Our study provides a substantially useful framework for other regions where free-ranging cats are undergoing rapid expansion.

Retos y oportunidades de las dimensiones humanas detrás del conflicto entre gatos y fauna Resumen Debido a que las actividades antropogénicas globales causan una enorme pérdida de la biodiversidad, la investigación sobre las dimensiones humanas es esencial para generar planes de manejo aplicables a la conservación de la biodiversidad fuera de las áreas silvestres. Es muy importante lograr que el público participe en este contexto para obtener los beneficios sociales y ambientales. Sin embargo, todavía existen vacíos en el conocimiento sobre cómo lograr el balance entre la conservación y las demandas públicas y cómo incorporar los contextos socioculturales complejos del Antropoceno a la planeación de la conservación. Analizamos el conflicto nacional entre los gatos libres (gatos callejeros o gatos domésticos que se les permite salir) y la fauna en China para estudiar cómo un consenso entre la compasión y la conservación de la biodiversidad puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones. Encuestamos en línea a una muestra aleatoria de personas en China. Se completaron más de 9000 cuestionarios (44.2% de respuesta). En total, los respondientes reportaron un aproximado de 29 millones de gatos libres y que más de cinco millones de gatos domésticos se vuelven ferales al año en China. Quienes respondieron y son dueños de gatos, mujeres y religiosos tuvieron la mayor probabilidad de negar los impactos negativos de los gatos sobre la fauna y de las estrategias actuales de manejo y de mostrar más apoyo por los refugios de gatos abandonados, la adopción y de la recaudación de fondos comunitaria que quienes no son dueños, no son religiosos y son hombres (p < 0.05). La propiedad de gatos libres y el abandono ocurrieron menos con los dueños con más conocimiento sobre la biodiversidad y las especies invasoras que con los respondientes con menos conocimiento sobre estos temas (p < 0.05). Recomendamos que los aficionados a los gatos y los conservacionistas de la fauna participen en las iniciativas comunitarias; por ejemplo, campañas para mantener a los gatos dentro de casa. Nuestro estudio proporciona un marco sustancialmente útil para otras regiones en donde los gatos libres se encuentran en rápida expansión.

Development of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Habits, and Attitudes on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teenagers and Young Adults. / [Artículo traducido] Generación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos, hábitos y actitudes sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.

Communication with teenagers who are significantly affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential for the sake of prevention. The aim of this study is to develop a specific questionnaire for surveying the degree of knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of current teenagers and young adults on STIs to come up with the proper training tools. We conducted the study following the Delphi method, a 2-round critical assessment score (from 1 to 9) of all domains and items. Only domains and items with median scores ≥8 were selected. A total of 8 panelists were involved in this survey. After establishing a median score ≥8, a total of 14 domains and 40 items were eventually selected. This is the first questionnaire ever conducted to study the knowledge, habits, and attitudes of contemporary teenagers and young adults on STIs, and stands as a valuable tool for future training on STI prevention in teenagers and young adults.

Cross-Cultural Validation of the RosaQoL Scale in Spanish Language. / Validación transcultural al idioma español de la escala RosaQoL.

INTRODUCTION: Rosacea is a chronic disease negatively impacting the patients' quality of life and mental health. The Rosacea Quality of Life (RosaQoL) scale could be a useful tool to monitor patients while on therapy vs rosacea, as it measures the impact on quality of life and helps individualize treatment to meet the patients' needs. RosaQoL is a validated scale that can be completed within a few minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original scale was translated and back translated by 2 native translators, with input from an expert committee when necessary. This version was tested on 21 patients to ensure proper understanding. Psychometric characteristics and validity were determined using various measures (sensitivity and specificity via ROC curve and internal consistency via Cronbach's alpha). The correlation between RosaQoL and SF-12 scales was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 531 participants responded to the scale (481 with rosacea and 50 controls). The scale demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity (ROC curve, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.92-0.99) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.96). RosaQoL correlated with SF-12. A higher score on the RosaQoL scale was associated with worse quality of life in all dimensions of the SF-12 scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the RosaQoL scale exhibits psychometric characteristics, which are similar to the original scale. Also, the RosaQoL scale is useful to assess the quality of life of patients with rosacea.

Satisfaction assessment study in patients (and their partners) with/without Peyronie's disease and penile prosthesis implantation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Among the many treatments for erectile dysfunction, implantation of a penile prosthesis has been associated with high patient satisfaction rates. However, patients with coexistent Peyronie's disease (PD) and refractory erectile dysfunction and/or severe deformities may show different results. The aim of our study was to assess and to compare the level of satisfaction, with an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP), in men with/without coexistent PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey study based on a five-item satisfaction questionnaire was submitted to all those live patients implanted in the period 1992-2022 at our center (n = 570) and their partners. Ninety-two percent of implants were inflatable devices. Surgeries were mainly performed by two surgeons. The main outcome measure used was the level of patient and partner satisfaction with sexual intercourse after IPP. RESULTS: Of the 570 eligible patients, 479 (84%) completed the survey (393 Non-PD: GROUP 1; 70 non-complex PD-Group 2; 16 complex PD). Eighty-six per cent of patients in Group 1 reported satisfactory sexual intercourse (very or moderately satisfied). Non-complex PD implanted patients (Group 2) reported a global 81% satisfactory sexual intercourse (very or moderately satisfied) (p > 0.05). However, when we evaluated the PD subgroup of patients with severe PD who require incision/excision/grafting at the time of implant (Group 3: n = 20), only 61% reported satisfactory sexual intercourse (p < 0.01) with predominance of moderately satisfied patients over very satisfied: 78% vs. 22%). Additionally, 84% (Group 1), 80% (Group 2) and 54% (Group 3) of partners reported satisfactory intercourses, respectively (p < 0.01). Overall, 84% of Group 1 implants and 79% of Group 2 reported that they would undergo the procedure again if the IPP failed (p > 0.05; ns). Only 50% of Group 3 patients would do it again. With regard to cosmetic aspects, 48% of the Group 3 implant reported penile shortness or soft glans as the main causes of their dissatisfaction. Only 2.4% of total PP patients expressed difficulty in manipulating the device. CONCLUSION: The presence of PD alone may not impact PP patient and partner satisfaction, but patients with more severe baseline deformity who require incision/grafting may be less satisfied with outcomes including penile length and glans sensation.

Assessing patient satisfaction with telephone-based consultations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain / Evaluación de la satisfacción de los pacientes con las consultas telefónicas antes, durante y después de la pandemia de COVID-19 en España

Objective: To validate a questionnaire to analyze the perception of users of primary care (PC) with telephone consultation (TC), and to study the satisfaction with TC by users of PC services. Design: A two-phase study was conducted. Firstly, a questionnaire on satisfaction with telemedicine services was validated. Secondly, a cross-sectional study on satisfaction with TC was conducted. Setting: PC. Participants: 405 users of PC services in Zaragoza (Spain). Main outcome measure: Our main outcome was the satisfaction with telemedicine services PC services. Factor analysis was carried out using the exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The reliability of the dimensions obtained was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The inferential analysis was conducted using parametric tests. Results: The questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool (α>0.9) to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Before COVID-19, the satisfaction of the users with PC was adequate (mean=6111/10). However, during the COVID-19 the attention in PC centers became mostly telephone-based and satisfaction lowered as disappointing (mean=3555/10). Regarding the future of telemedicine, users considered it as unsatisfactory (mean=2977/10). Being a woman, being unemployed and belonging to an area of low vulnerability led to a worse perception of telemedicine. Conclusion: This questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Perceptions of patient satisfaction decreased during COVID-19. Thus, TC seems to be a good option when the patients consider it to be a complementary rather than a substitute tool to follow-up their conditions.(AU)

Objetivo: Validar un cuestionario para analizar la percepción de los usuarios de atención primaria (AP) con la consulta telefónica (CT) y estudiar la satisfacción de la CT por parte de estos. Diseño: Estudio en dos fases. Se validó un cuestionario sobre satisfacción con los servicios de telemedicina. Después, se realizó un estudio transversal sobre la satisfacción con la CT. Emplazamiento: AP. Participantes: Un total de 405 usuarios de servicios de AP en Zaragoza (España). Medición principal: Satisfacción con los servicios de telemedicina de AP. El análisis factorial se realizó a través del exploratorio con rotación Varimax. La fiabilidad de las dimensiones se analizó con el alfa de Cronbach. El inferencial se efectuó mediante pruebas paramétricas. Resultados: El cuestionario resultó válido y fiable (α>0,9) para evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios con la telemedicina. Antes de la COVID-19, esta era adecuada (media=6,111/10) con la AP. Durante la pandemia la atención en AP pasó a ser mayoritariamente telefónica y la satisfacción disminuyó (media=3,555/10). Con respecto al futuro de la telemedicina, los usuarios lo consideraron insatisfactorio (media=2,977/10). Ser mujer, estar en paro y pertenecer a una zona de baja vulnerabilidad conllevó una peor percepción de la telemedicina. Conclusiones: Nuestro cuestionario fue un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios de servicios de AP con la telemedicina, la cual disminuyó durante la COVID-19. La CT es una buena opción cuando los pacientes la consideran una herramienta complementaria y no sustitutiva para el seguimiento de sus dolencias.(AU)

Validated medication adherence questionnaires and associated factors in chronic patients: Systematic review. / Cuestionarios validados de adherencia a la medicación y factores asociados en pacientes crónicos: revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To identify validated questionnaires to assess medication adherence, and its associated factors, in adult patients with chronic pathologies. METHOD: A systematic review of scientific publications that describe validated medication adherence questionnaires in PubMed and Scopus was carried out during May 2022. The search strategy combined the MeSH Heading "Medication adherence" with the keywords: "Questionnaire" and "Validation"; adding "Spanish" to rescue questionnaires in our language. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses or scientific articles with full text available in Spanish or English were selected; published from January 2000 to April 2022; that present the application and validation of a medication adherence questionnaire in adults with chronic pathologies; and publications of the initial validation of a questionnaire, recovered through bibliographic citations of the previously identified publications, even if they are prior to the year 2000. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to represent the search process, inclusion and exclusion of the retrieved publications. RESULTS: Ninety-seven records in PubMed and 3 adding "Spanish" were retrieved; in Scopus, 334 records were retrieved and 13 with "Spanish". One hundred-eighteen records were retrieved through bibliographic citations identification. From the analysis of the previous publications, 14 validated questionnaires were identified that assess medication adherence and are applied in English and/or Spanish in adult patients with chronic pathologies. For each questionnaire, the following characteristics were described: name, authors, year of publication, dimensions (barriers and facilitators factors), number and wording of the items, response scale, form of administration, language and pathologies of the initial validation. Of the subsequent validations, only those carried out in English and/or Spanish were presented. So far, 6 questionnaires were validated in Spanish and only for certain chronic pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: 14 validated questionnaires were identified, 6 of them were validated in Spanish. They are designed to evaluate medication adherence in a comprehensive manner, being useful to be applied in hospital and community pharmaceutical services. This review provides health professionals with tools to develop and validate their own questionnaire, adapting the wording to the local language and context of the health system.

Colonoscopy Satisfaction and Safety Questionnaire based on patient experience (CSSQP): A valuable quality tool for all colonoscopies / Cuestionario de Satisfacción y Seguridad de la Colonoscopia basado en la experiencia del Paciente (CSSQP): una valiosa herramienta de calidad para todas las colonoscopias

Introduction The Colonoscopy Satisfaction and Safety Questionnaire based on Patient experience (CSSQP) was recently developed and validated within a Bowel Cancer Screening Program. We aimed to identify factor related to patient experience through the CSSQP, including all indications for colonoscopy. Indicators of satisfaction and perceived safety with colonoscopy were also assessed to compare the different centers. Methods Multicenter study in nine Spanish hospitals. Consecutive patients who had undergone a colonoscopy completed the CSSQP adding a novel item on bowel preparation. Factors related to patient experiences and data from non-respondents were analyzed. Results Of 2200 patients, 1753 filled out the questionnaire (response rate 79.7%, sample error 2%). Patients whose colonoscopy indication was a primary colorectal cancer screening (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.15–2.44, p=0.007) or due to a +FIT (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18–2.53) reported higher satisfaction than patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, college-educated patients (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.25–3.56) were more likely to report better overall satisfaction than patients with lower education level. Significant differences were observed in the majority of the CSSQP items between centers. Safety incidents were reported by 35 (2%) patients, and 176 (10%) patients reported that they received insufficient information. Conclusion The CSSQP identifies several significant factors on satisfaction and perceived safety in patients referred for colonoscopy for any reason. The CSSQP also allows comparison of patient-identified colonoscopy quality indicators between centers (AU)

Introducción El Cuestionario de Satisfacción y Seguridad de la Colonoscopia basado en la experiencia del Paciente (CSSQP) ha sido desarrollado y validado recientemente en pacientes del Programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal (CCR). El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores relacionados con la experiencia de los pacientes a través del CSSQP, incluyendo todas las indicaciones de la colonoscopia. Además, se evaluaron los factores relacionados con la satisfacción y la seguridad del paciente con el fin de comparar diferentes departamentos. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico de nueve hospitales españoles en el que se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos que completaron el CSSQP incorporando un nuevo ítem sobre la preparación intestinal. Se analizaron los factores relacionados con la experiencia de los pacientes y los datos de los no respondedores. Resultados De 2.200 pacientes, 1.753 completaron el cuestionario (tasa de respuesta del 79,7%, error muestral del 2%). Los pacientes en los que la indicación era por cribado de CCR (OR: 1,68; IC 95%: 1,15-2,44; p=0,007) o por FIT positivo (OR: 1,73; IC 95%: 1,18-2,53) informaron mayor satisfacción que en aquellos que se solicitó la colonoscopia por síntomas gastrointestinales. Además, los pacientes con estudios universitarios (OR: 2,11; IC 95%: 1,25-3,56) informaron mayor satisfacción que aquellos con menor nivel de estudios. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de los ítems del CSSQP entre los centros participantes. Treinta y cinco (2%) pacientes reportaron incidentes de seguridad y 176 (10%) reconocieron haber recibido información insuficiente. Conclusiones El CSSQP identifica los factores determinantes que influyen en la satisfacción y la seguridad de los pacientes a los que se les realiza colonoscopia por cualquier indicación. Además, permite comparar los indicadores de calidad de la colonoscopia desde la perspectiva del paciente entre los distintos centros (AU)

Detección de personas en riesgo de padecer diabetes en la farmacia comunitaria con el test de Findrisc en los años 2014-2021 / Detection of people at risk of diabetes in the community pharmacy with the Findrisc test in the years 2014-2021

Objetivo: analizar los resultados de las campañas de SEFAC de cribado del riesgo de padecer diabetes, realizados en las farmacias comunitarias españolas desde 2014. Métodos: estudio descriptivo acumulativo de los resultados de las campañas del Día Mundial de la Diabetes, en 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 y 2021. Pacientes: usuarios ≥18 años no diagnosticados de diabetes con consentimiento firmado. Variables: puntuación del test de Findrisc, media (m) y desviación estándar (DE) y participantes en intervalos de riesgo, n (%). Variables demográficas (sexo, edad) y antropométricas, índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), perímetro de cintura (cm), glucemia capilar m (DE) (mg/dl). Resultados: participaron 1.146 farmacéuticos, 12402 usuarios. 8.799 (70,9 %) tenían IMC ≥25 kg/m2. 7366 (59,4 %) tomaban antihipertensivos. 6047 (48,8 %) con perímetro abdominal excesivo. 5962 (48,0 %) tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes. El riesgo medio (puntuación Findrisc) fue de 11,3 (4,6), sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El número de participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto (F≥15) fue 3107 (25,0 %) sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). El riesgo alto/muy alto aumenta con la edad, de 282 (15,1 %) personas de 45-54 años hasta 1695 (40,1 %) personas >64 años. Se derivaron al médico 1762 (14,2 %), sin datos de resultado. Tiempo medio de entrevista: 10,3 (5,3) minutos, sin diferencias entre sexos (p>0,05). Conclusiones: la cuarta parte de los encuestados tenían riesgo alto/muy alto y fueron derivados al médico uno de cada siete. Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron IMC, hipertensión arterial, perímetro abdominal y antecedentes familiares de diabetes. Debe mejorarse la comunicación interprofesional, pues no se obtuvo resultado de las derivaciones al médico. (AU)

Aim: To analyze diabetes risk screening using the Findrisc questionnaire, performed in Spanish community pharmacies (CP) since 2014. Methods: Cumulative descriptive study of the results of the World Diabetes Day campaigns, in 2014, 2016-2018, 2020 and 2021. Subjects: users ≥18 years not diagnosed with diabetes with signed consent. Variables: Findrisc test score m (SD) and participants in risk intervals, n (%). Demographic (sex, age) and anthropometric variables, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), capillary glycemia m (SD) (mg/dl). Results: 1146 pharmacists, 12402 users. 8799 (70.9 %) had BMI ≥25 Kg/m2. 7366 (59.4 %) were taking antihypertensive drugs. 6047 (48.8 %) with unhealthy abdominal perimeter. 5962 (48.0 %) had a family history of diabetes. The mean risk (F score) was 11.3 (4.6), with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). The number of participants with high/very high risk (F≥15) was 3107 (25.0%) with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). High/very high risk increased with age, from 282 (15.1%) persons aged 45-54 years to 1695 (40.1%) persons >64 years. A total of 1762 (14.2% of the total) were referred to a physician.Mean interview time: 10.3 (5.3) minutes, with no differences between sexes (p<0.05). Conclusions: One quarter of the respondents were at high/very high risk and one in seven were referred to a physician. The most prevalent risk factors were BMI, hypertension, abdominal circumference and family history of diabetes. Interprofessional communication should be improved, as no results were obtained from referrals to the physician. (AU)

Traducción y validación del cuestionario Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) al idioma castellano / Translation and validation of the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) questionnaire into Spanish language

Objetivo: Traducir y validar al castellano el cuestionario V-FUCHS en una población de pacientes que padecen distrofia endotelial de Fuchs (DEF).MétodosEl V-FUCHS consta de 15 preguntas, que valoran aspectos visuales de la calidad de vida en los pacientes con DEF, las cuales se pueden agrupar en 7 que valoran el factor «dificultad visual» y 8 que valoran el factor «deslumbramiento». Para la traducción y adaptación se siguieron las normas estandarizadas, destacando, una traducción, una retro-traducción y una aplicación en pacientes con DEF.ResultadosEn una primera fase se llegó al consenso de la traducción al castellano del V-FUCHS. Posteriormente, se incluyeron 25 pacientes para realizar la fase pre-test con el objetivo de valorar la aplicabilidad y la viabilidad del test. La puntuación de las mismas obtuvo un valor mínimo de −0,88 y un valor máximo de +2,44, según la escala probabilística de Rasch. El valor medio obtenido de las preguntas que conforman el factor dificultad visual fue de 0,61 (±0,71) y la media del factor deslumbramiento (Glare) fue de 0,41 (±0,51).ConclusiónLa validación del cuestionario V-FUCHS, tras su traducción y adaptación al castellano, demostró ser una herramienta útil para la valoración de la calidad visual de los pacientes con DEF. Los pacientes con un estado más avanzado de la enfermedad presentaron una mayor severidad en el resultado de la prueba. Asimismo, el factor deslumbramiento se correlaciona mejor con el aumento paquimétrico que con la agudeza visual del paciente. (AU)

Purpose: To translate and validate the V-FUCHS questionnaire into Spanish in a population of patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (DEF).MethodsThe V-FUCHS consists of 15 short, easily understandable questions that assess visual aspects of quality of life in patients with DEF, which can be gathered into a group of seven that assess the “Visual Difficulty” factor and another group of eight that assess the “Glare Factor”. For the translation and cultural adaptation, the standardized norms for this process were followed, among other phases, a translation, a back-translation and an application in patients with DEF.ResultsIn the first phase, consensus was reached on the Spanish translation of the V-FUCHS. Subsequently, 25 patients were included to carry out the pre-test phase with the aim of assessing the applicability and feasibility of the test. The score obtained a minimum value of −0.88 and a maximum value of +2.44, according to the Rasch probabilistic scale. The mean value obtained from the Visual Difficulty factor was 0.61 (±0.71), while the mean for the Glare factor was 0.41 (±0.51).ConclusionThe validation of the V-FUCHS questionnaire, after its translation and adaptation into Spanish, proved to be a useful tool for assessing the visual quality of patients with DEF. Patients with a more advanced stage of the disease presented a greater severity in the test result. Likewise, the Glare factor (Glare) correlates better with the pachymetric increase than with the visual acuity of the patient. (AU)

Variables psicológicas y fortaleza mental en jugadores/as profesionales de Baloncesto / Variáveis psicológicas e resistência mental em jugadores profissionais de basquetebol / Psychological variables and Mental Toughness in professional basketball players

Los trabajos sobre las variables psicológicas que influyen en el rendimiento de los deportistas en sus diferentes disciplinas contribuyen a poder realizar una intervención más adecuada. En este estudio, a través del Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista (CNPD) de Dosil (2005), se describe cual es el grado de motivación, activación, confianza y atención, que nos permiten determinar un continuo en la fortaleza mental de los jugadores y de las jugadoras de Baloncesto de las competiciones profesionales y semiprofesionales en España.Esta investigación instrumental realiza un estudio comparativo transversal de carácter descriptivo y exploratorio. La muestra está compuesta de 184 baloncestistas, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 38 años (M= 24.20; DT= 4.65); presentando el 84.2% una experiencia de 11 o más años de práctica.El trabajo describe y compara a los y las participantes de las distintas ligas profesionales y semiprofesional en España, encontrando diferencias significativas en fortaleza mental a favor de la Liga ACB con la Liga EBA (tamaño del efecto = 1.00, grande), a favor de la Liga ACB con la LF2 (tamaño del efecto = 1.13, grande), y a favor de la LEB Plata con la LF2 (tamaño del efecto = 1.00, grande). El mayor conocimiento de las variables psicológicas, las diferencias entre jugadores y jugadoras y las particularidades de cada uno, permite una mejor intervención personal y a través de los cuerpos técnicos.(AU)

The works on the psychological variables that influence the performance of athletes in their different disciplines contribute to being able to perform a more appropriate intervention. In this study, the Athlete's Psychological Needs Questionnaire describes the degree of motivation, arousal, confidence, and attention that allows us to determine a continuum in the mental toughness of basketball players in professional and semi-professional competitions in Spain. This cross-sectional comparative study with a sample of 184 basketball players, aged between 16 and 38 years (M= 24.20; SD= 4.65); presenting 84.2% an experience of 11 or more years of practice. The work describes and compares the participants of the different professional and semi-professional leagues in Spain, finding significant differences in mental toughness in favor of the ACB League with the EBA League (effe size = 1.00, large), in favor of the ACB League with the LF2 (effect size = 1.13, large), and in favor of the LEB Plata with the LF2 (effect size = 1.00, large). The greater knowledge of the psychological variables, the differences between male and female players, and the particularities of each one, allows a better personal intervention through the technical staff.(AU)

Os trabalhos sobre as variáveis psicológicas que influenciam o rendimento dos desportistas nas suas diferentes vertentes (disciplinas) podem contribuir para realizar uma intervenção mais adequada. Neste estudo, através do Questionário de Necessidades Psicológicas do Desportista (CNPD), descreve-se qual o grau de motivação, ativação, confiança e atenção, que nos permitem determinar um continuum na resistência mental dos jogadores e das jogadoras de Basquetebol das competições profissionais e semiprofissionais em Espanha. Este estudo instrumental de natureza transversal, participaram184 basquetebolistas, com idades compreendias entre os 16 e os 38 anos (M= 24.20; DP= 4.65); apresentando 84.2% com uma experiência de 11 ou mais anos de prática. O trabalho descreve e compara os participantes das diferentes ligas profissionais e semiprofissionais em Espanha, encontrando diferenças significativas na resistência mental a favor da Liga ACB com a Liga EBA (tamanho do efeito = 1.00, grande), a favor da Liga ACB com o LF2 (tamanho do efeito = 1.13, grande) e a favor da LEB Plata com o LF2 (tamanho do efeito = 1.00, grande). Um maior conhecimento das variáveis psicológicas, das diferenças entre jogadores e jogadoras e das particularidades de cada um, permite uma melhor intervenção pessoal, por parte das equipas técnicas.(AU)

Translation and validation of the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) questionnaire into Spanish language.

PURPOSE: To translate and validate the V-FUCHS questionnaire into Spanish in a population of patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (DEF). METHODS: The V-FUCHS consists of 15 short, easily understandable questions that assess visual aspects of quality of life in patients with DEF, which can be gathered into a group of seven that assess the "Visual Difficulty" factor and another group of eight that assess the "Glare Factor". For the translation and cultural adaptation, the standardized norms for this process were followed, among other phases, a translation, a back-translation and an application in patients with DEF. RESULTS: In the first phase, consensus was reached on the Spanish translation of the V-FUCHS. Subsequently, 25 patients were included to carry out the pre-test phase with the aim of assessing the applicability and feasibility of the test. The score obtained a minimum value of -0.88 and a maximum value of +2.44, according to the Rasch probabilistic scale. The mean value obtained from the Visual Difficulty factor was 0.61 (±0.71), while the mean for the Glare Factor was 0.41 (±0.51). CONCLUSION: The validation of the V-FUCHS questionnaire, after its translation and adaptation into Spanish, proved to be a useful tool for assessing the visual quality of patients with DEF. Patients with a more advanced stage of the disease presented a greater severity in the test result. Likewise, the Glare Factor (Glare) correlates better with the pachymetric increase than with the visual acuity of the patient.

Assessing patient satisfaction with telephone-based consultations before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a questionnaire to analyze the perception of users of primary care (PC) with telephone consultation (TC), and to study the satisfaction with TC by users of PC services. DESIGN: A two-phase study was conducted. Firstly, a questionnaire on satisfaction with telemedicine services was validated. Secondly, a cross-sectional study on satisfaction with TC was conducted. SETTING: PC. PARTICIPANTS: 405 users of PC services in Zaragoza (Spain). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Our main outcome was the satisfaction with telemedicine services PC services. Factor analysis was carried out using the exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. The reliability of the dimensions obtained was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. The inferential analysis was conducted using parametric tests. RESULTS: The questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool (α>0.9) to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Before COVID-19, the satisfaction of the users with PC was adequate (mean=6111/10). However, during the COVID-19 the attention in PC centers became mostly telephone-based and satisfaction lowered as disappointing (mean=3555/10). Regarding the future of telemedicine, users considered it as unsatisfactory (mean=2977/10). Being a woman, being unemployed and belonging to an area of low vulnerability led to a worse perception of telemedicine. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool to assess the satisfaction of PC service users with telemedicine services. Perceptions of patient satisfaction decreased during COVID-19. Thus, TC seems to be a good option when the patients consider it to be a complementary rather than a substitute tool to follow-up their conditions.

Colonoscopy Satisfaction and Safety Questionnaire based on patient experience (CSSQP): A valuable quality tool for all colonoscopies.

INTRODUCTION: The Colonoscopy Satisfaction and Safety Questionnaire based on Patient experience (CSSQP) was recently developed and validated within a Bowel Cancer Screening Program. We aimed to identify factor related to patient experience through the CSSQP, including all indications for colonoscopy. Indicators of satisfaction and perceived safety with colonoscopy were also assessed to compare the different centers. METHODS: Multicenter study in nine Spanish hospitals. Consecutive patients who had undergone a colonoscopy completed the CSSQP adding a novel item on bowel preparation. Factors related to patient experiences and data from non-respondents were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 2200 patients, 1753 filled out the questionnaire (response rate 79.7%, sample error 2%). Patients whose colonoscopy indication was a primary colorectal cancer screening (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.15-2.44, p=0.007) or due to a +FIT (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.53) reported higher satisfaction than patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, college-educated patients (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.25-3.56) were more likely to report better overall satisfaction than patients with lower education level. Significant differences were observed in the majority of the CSSQP items between centers. Safety incidents were reported by 35 (2%) patients, and 176 (10%) patients reported that they received insufficient information. CONCLUSION: The CSSQP identifies several significant factors on satisfaction and perceived safety in patients referred for colonoscopy for any reason. The CSSQP also allows comparison of patient-identified colonoscopy quality indicators between centers.

Spanish validation of the Gamblers’ Belief Questionnaire (GBQ) / Validación española de la escala“Gamblers Belief Questionnaire (GBQ)”

The objective of this study is to validate The Gambler’s Beliefs Questionnaire, a measure of gamblers’ cognitive distortions. The psychometric properties of the scale were analyzed with a Spanish sample of 515 participants aged from 16 and 24 years. Three scales related to pathological gambling (SOGS-RA and MAGS) and to social desirability were administered. A cross-sectional validation was performed, obtaining a scale with 21 items distributed in two independent factors (Luck/perseverance and Illusion of control). The internal consistency (α = .93) and test-retest reliability (r = .69) are adequate. GBQ scale scores correlate significantly with other measures of pathological gambling (SOGS: r = .35; MAGS: r = .40, both p ≤ .001). Higher levels of cognitive distortions are associated with a higher likelihood of being classified as a problem or at-risk gambler. GBQ scores are influenced by social desirability, although the effect sizes are small (r below .20). The GBQ is a useful instrument in the diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment of Spanish youths and adolescents with gambling problems. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es la validación española del “Gamblers Belief Questionnaire (GBQ)” que mide distorsiones cognitivas relacionadas con los problemas de juego. Se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en 515 jóvenes españoles, de 16 a 24 años. Se administraron tres escalas sobre juego patológico (GBQ, SOGS-RA y MAGS) y deseabilidad social. Se realizó una validación cruzada, obteniéndose una escala de 21 ítems con una estructura bifactorial (Suerte/Perseverancia e Ilusión de Control). La consistencia interna (α = ,93) y estabilidad temporal (r = ,69) de la escala son adecuadas. Las puntuaciones de la escala GBQ correlacionan de forma significativa con otras medidas de juego patológico (SOGS: r = ,35; MAGS: r = ,40, ambas p ≤ ,001). Un mayor nivel de distorsiones cognitivas se asocia a mayor probabilidad de ser clasificado como jugador con problemas o de riesgo. Las puntuaciones del GBQ están influenciadas por la deseabilidad social, aunque los tamaños del efecto son pequeños (r menores a ,20). El GBQ es un instrumento útil en el diagnóstico y evaluación de tratamientos de jóvenes y adolescentes españoles con problemas de juego. (AU)

Development of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Habits, and Attitudes on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teenagers and Young Adults.

Communication with teenagers who are significantly affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential for the sake of prevention. The aim of this study is to develop a specific questionnaire for surveying the degree of knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of current teenagers and young adults on STIs to come up with the proper training tools. We conducted the study following the Delphi method, a 2-round critical assessment score (from 1 to 9) of all domains and items. Only domains and items with median scores ≥8 were selected. A total of 8 panelists were involved in this survey. After establishing a median score ≥8, a total of 14 domains and 40 items were eventually selected. This is the first questionnaire ever conducted to study the knowledge, habits, and attitudes of contemporary teenagers and young adults on STIs, and stands as a valuable tool for future training on STI prevention in teenagers and young adults.

Encuesta sobre la situación de investigación en rehabilitación en España. Resultados / Survey on the state of investigation in rehabilitation in Spain: Results

En la vocalía de investigación, formación e innovación de la sociedad Española de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación (SERMEF), quisimos aproximarnos a cuál es el estado de la investigación en nuestra especialidad en España. Para ello, se elaboró y distribuyó una encuesta online entre médicos rehabilitadores de España, que obtuvo 253 respuestas. De estos, el 65% afirmó que en su centro de trabajo sí se realiza actividad investigadora en rehabilitación; el número de proyectos activos en sus centros según declararon era de: ninguno en el 35,7%; uno en el 17,7%, 2 en el 23,3%, 3 en el 8,4% y 4 o más en el 14,9%. Entre las principales dificultades que se encuentran los encuestados el 89% destacan que no se dispone de personal contratado para investigación y el 95% que en sus centros no se destina parte de la jornada laboral para investigación. En cuanto a la actividad investigadora personal, el 56% atestiguan participar en investigación, siendo el rol más habitual el de investigador principal (58%). El 95% de los encuestados refiere que el principal obstáculo para desarrollar un proyecto de investigación es la presión asistencial y la falta de tiempo, y correspondientemente, una amplia mayoría (83%) alega que disponer de tiempo estipulado para investigar en su jornada laboral sería una motivación.(AU)

The research, training and innovation committee of the Spanish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SERMEF) wanted to know the state of research in our speciality. To this end, an online survey was developed and distributed among rehabilitation doctors in Spain, which obtained 253 responses. Of these, 65% stated that research activity in rehabilitation does take place in their work centre; the number of active projects in their centres as stated by them was: none in 35.7%; one in 17.7%, two in 23.3%, three in 8.4% and four or more in 14.9%. Among the main difficulties encountered, 89% highlight that there is no staff hired for research and 95% that in their centres part of the working day is not allocated to research. In terms of personal research activity, 56% reported that they were involved in research, with the most common role being that of principal investigator (58%). Ninety-five percent of respondents report that the main obstacle to developing a research project is the pressure of care and lack of time, and correspondingly, a large majority (83%) claim that having stipulated time for research in their working day would be a motivation.(AU)

Nivel de actividad física de una población privada de libertad masculina medida a través del cuestionario IPAQ / Level of physical activity of a male prison population measured with the IPAQ questionnaire

Objetivos: Describir el nivel de actividad física (AF) de una población privada de libertad masculina a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire), correlacionando años de condena y rango etario. Material y método: Estudio no experimental transversal y de corte descriptivo en el que se recogieron datos de nivel de AF a través de la versión breve del cuestionario IPAQ. La información se analizó a través de datos estadísticos descriptivos, como media y desviación estándar, además se realizó un análisis inferencial, con p ≥0,05. Resultados: se aplica el cuestionario a una muestra de 100 hombres privados de libertad de la ciudad de Talca, en Chile, agrupados, en una primera instancia, por años de condena y, en una segunda instancia, por rango de edad, donde se obtiene que las personas estudiadas presentan, a pesar del contexto de limitación de movimiento por encarcelamiento, un nivel de AF moderada, siendo la caminata la actividad que genera más unidades de medida del índice metabólico (MET) entre la muestra. No existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de la muestra estudiados. Discusión: Los evaluados presentan un nivel de AF menor en comparación con personas de la misma condición en otros países, si muestran un mejor nivel al compararse con la población chilena no recluida. La caminata, que a diario realizan los privados de libertad en los patios de cada módulo y los espacios compartidos en el interior del penal, se observa como factor protector ante enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). (AU)

Objectives: To describe the level of physical activity of a male prison population measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), correlating years of sentence and age range. Material and method: Non-experimental cross-sectional and descriptive study. The data was collected through the short version IPAQ questionnaire. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, and an inferential analysis was carried out, with a P ≥ 0.05. Results: The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 100 male prisoners from the city of Talca, Chile. They were grouped firstly into years of sentence and then by age range, obtaining a result from the evaluated population that shows moderate level of physical activity despite the context of confinement, in which walking is the activity that generates more MET’s among the sample. There are no significant differences between the evaluated groups. Discussion: The evaluated population shows a lower level of physical activity than a similar group in other countries, although they show better levels of physical activity when they are compared to the Chilean general public. Walking, which prisoners do every day in the modules and shared spaces in prison, is found to be a protective factor against chronic noncommunicable diseases. (AU)